Appendix B derives Appendix A.
- We treat multiple page or page-range references for a given bibliographic source within an endnote as a single citation to that bibliographic source.
- We treat references to different volumes of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada as a single bibliographic source, including the Final Report‘s Summary; Volume 1, Part 1; and Volume 4.
- We treat references to John A. Macdonald’s remarks in different House of Commons Debates as a single bibliographic source, including remarks on 5 May 1880, 27 April 1882, 6 July 1885 and 10 July 1885.
- An asterisk (*) beside a bibliographic source denotes that Biggar relies on a secondhand account for his material. See Appendix A for details.
Note that Biggar tends to rely on a single bibliographic source when he addresses each of his leading “moral questions” about Britain’s colonization of Canada. Thus,
- Flanagan’s First Nations? Second Thoughts accounts for 31.8% of all citations in Chapter 4 (Land, Settlers and ‘Conquest’)
- Miller’s Shingwauk’s Vision accounts for 51.6% of all citations in Chapter 5 (Cultural Assimilation and ‘Genocide’)
- Daschuk’s Clearing the Plains accounts for 48.8% of all citations in Chapter 7 (Government, Legitimacy and Nationalism)
| NUMBER OF CITATIONS | PERCENTAGE OF CITATIONS | ||||||||
| BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE | CH 4 | CH 5 | CH 7 | TOTAL | CH 4 | CH 5 | CH 7 | TOTAL | |
| Miller, J. R. Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools (Toronto: Univerisity of Toronto Press, 1996) | 1 | 64 | 0 | 65 | 2.3% | 51.6% | 0.0% | 30.8% | |
| Daschuk, James. Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life (Regina: University of Regina Press , 2013) | 4 | 3 | 21 | 28 | 9.1% | 2.4% | 48.8% | 13.3% | |
| Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Final Report, 2015 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 0.0% | 19.4% | 0.0% | 11.4% | |
| Flanagan, Tom. First Nations? Second Thoughts, 2nd edn. (Montreal and Kingston: Queen’s University Press, 2008) | 14 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 31.8% | 2.4% | 0.0% | 8.1% | |
| Carter, Sarah. ‘Aboriginal People of Canada and the British Empire’, in Phillip Buckner, ed., Canada and the British Empire, Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 13.6% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 3.3% | |
| Martin, Ged. ‘The Department of Indian Affairs in the Dominion of Canada Budget, 1881’, https://www.gedmartin.net/martinalia-mainmenu-3/312-indian-affairs-1882-budget | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 16.3% | 3.3% | |
| Smith, Donald B. ‘Macdonald’s Relationship with Aboriginal Peoples’, in Patrice Dutil and Roger Hall, eds, Macdonald at 200: New Reflections and Legacies (Toronto: Dundurn, 2014) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2.3% | 2.4% | 4.7% | 2.8% | |
| Dutil, Patrice. ‘Not Guilty: Sir John A. Macdonald and the Genocide Fetish’, Dorchester Review, 10/2 (Autumn/Winter 2020) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0.0% | 1.6% | 7.0% | 2.4% | |
| Macdonald, John A. House of Commons, Debates | * | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 9.3% | 2.4% |
| Lindbergh, Tracey. ‘The Doctrine of Discovery in Canada’, in Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt and Tracey Lindbergh, Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.9% | |
| Williams, Glen. Blood Must Tell: Debating Race and Identity in the Canadian House of Commons, 1880-1925 (Ottawa: willowBX Press, 2014) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0.0% | 1.6% | 4.7% | 1.9% | |
| Bowler, Gerry. ‘Is the Final Report of the TRC Good History?’ in Rodney A. Clifton and Mark DeWolf, eds, From Truth Comes Reconciliation: An Assessent of the Truth and Reconiliation Report (Winnipeg: Frontier Centre for Public Policy, 2021) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0.0% | 2.4% | 0.0% | 1.4% | |
| Rubinstein, Hymie. ‘Indigenous Exceptionalism and the TRC’, in Rodney A. Clifton and Mark DeWolf, eds, From Truth Comes Reconciliation: An Assessent of the Truth and Reconiliation Report (Winnipeg: Frontier Centre for Public Policy, 2021) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4.5% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 1.4% | |
| Widdowson, Frances and Albert Howard. Disrobing the Aboriginal Industry: The Deception Behind Indigenous Cultural Preservation (Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2008) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0.0% | 2.4% | 0.0% | 1.4% | |
| Miller, J. R. Residential Schools and Reconciliation: Canada Confronts Its History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.0% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.9% | |
| Treaty No. 6 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Plain and Wood Cree Indians and Other Tribes of Indians (Ottawa: Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, 1964) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 2.3% | 0.9% | |
| Macdonald, John A. Letter to Peter E. Jones, 31 August 1886 | * | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 2.3% | 0.9% |
| Belich, James. Replenishing the Earth: The Settler Revolution and the Rise of the Anglo-World, 1783-1939 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Big Canoe, Charles and James Ashquabe to John A. Macdonald, n.d. | * | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Binnema, Theodore and Kevin Hutchings, ‘The Emigrant and the Noble Savage: Sir Francis Bond Head’s Romantic Approach to Aboriginal Policy in Upper Canada, 1836-1838’, Journal of Canadian Studies 39/1, Winter 2005 | * | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Boisonneau, Chief Darrell. n.d. | * | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Cairns, Alan C. Citizens Plus: Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian State (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Daschuk, James. ‘When Canada Used Hunger to Clear the West’, Globe and Mail, 19 July 2013 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.3% | 0.5% | |
| Erasmus, George and Joe Sanders. ‘Canadian History: An Aboriginal Perspective’, in Diane Engelstad and John Bird, eds, Nation to Nation: Aboriginal Sovereignty and the Future of Canada (Concord, Ontario: Anansi, 1992) | * | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Flanagan, Tom. ‘The Truth About Canada’s Indian Graves: The Indigenous Industry Is Thriving Off Fake News’, UnHerd, 29 June 2022 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Fraught, Brad. Personal correspondence with Nigel Biggar, September 2020 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.3% | 0.5% | |
| Green, Nina, Brian Giesbrecht, and Tom Flanagan. ‘They Were Not Forced’, Dorchester Review, 21 April 2022 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Jenness, Diamond. Indians of Canada, 1932 | * | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Kidd, Colin. The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World 1600-2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Lindbergh, Tracey. ‘Contemporary Canadian Resonance of an Imperial Doctrine’, in Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt and Tracey Lindbergh, Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Marshall, Ingeborg. A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996) | * | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Reynolds, Henry. The Law of the Land (Victoria, Penguin, 1987) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Richards, Eric. Britannia’s Children: Emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600 (London: Hambledon, 2004) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Riel, Louis. Address to the Court, August 1, 1885, in George F.G. Stanley et. al., The Collected Works of Louis Riel, 5 vols (Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1985), Vol. 3 | * | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Sarnia Observer, Editorial, (1868) | * | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Smith, B. and J. R. Miller. ‘No Genocide: It’s Not the Right Word for the History Books’, Literary Review of Canada (October 2019) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Surtees, R. J. ‘The Development of an Indian Reserve Policy in Canada’, Ontario History, 61, 1969 | * | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Trigger, Bruce. ‘The Historians’ Indian: Native Americans in Canadian Historical Writing from Charlevoix to the Present’, Canadian Historical Review, 67/3 (1986), p. 336 | * | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| von Gernet, Alexander. Oral Narratives and Aboriginal Pasts: An Interdisciplinary Review of the Literature, (Ottawa: Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Norther Affairs Canada, 1996) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Whittow, Mark. The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| Open Letter: Historians Rally vs “Genocide” Myth’, Dorchester Review, 12 August 2021 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.5% | |
| TOTAL | 44 | 124 | 43 | 211 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
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