Biggar-01 Appendix B

Appendix B derives Appendix A.

  • We treat multiple page or page-range references for a given bibliographic source within an endnote as a single citation to that bibliographic source.
  • We treat references to different volumes of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada as a single bibliographic source, including the Final Report‘s Summary; Volume 1, Part 1; and Volume 4.
  • We treat references to John A. Macdonald’s remarks in different House of Commons Debates as a single bibliographic source, including remarks on 5 May 1880, 27 April 1882, 6 July 1885 and 10 July 1885.
  • An asterisk (*) beside a bibliographic source denotes that Biggar relies on a secondhand account for his material. See Appendix A for details.

Note that Biggar tends to rely on a single bibliographic source when he addresses each of his leading “moral questions” about Britain’s colonization of Canada. Thus,

  • Flanagan’s First Nations? Second Thoughts accounts for 31.8% of all citations in Chapter 4 (Land, Settlers and ‘Conquest’)
  • Miller’s Shingwauk’s Vision accounts for 51.6% of all citations in Chapter 5 (Cultural Assimilation and ‘Genocide’)
  • Daschuk’s Clearing the Plains accounts for 48.8% of all citations in Chapter 7 (Government, Legitimacy and Nationalism)

 

APPENDIX B
NUMBER OF CITATIONS PERCENTAGE OF CITATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE CH 4 CH 5 CH 7 TOTAL CH 4 CH 5 CH 7 TOTAL
Miller, J. R. Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools (Toronto: Univerisity of Toronto Press, 1996) 1 64 0 65 2.3% 51.6% 0.0% 30.8%
Daschuk, James. Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life (Regina: University of Regina Press , 2013) 4 3 21 28 9.1% 2.4% 48.8% 13.3%
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Final Report, 2015 0 24 0 24 0.0% 19.4% 0.0% 11.4%
Flanagan, Tom. First Nations? Second Thoughts, 2nd edn. (Montreal and Kingston: Queen’s University Press, 2008) 14 3 0 17 31.8% 2.4% 0.0% 8.1%
Carter, Sarah. ‘Aboriginal People of Canada and the British Empire’, in Phillip Buckner, ed., Canada and the British Empire, Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) 6 1 0 7 13.6% 0.8% 0.0% 3.3%
Martin, Ged. ‘The Department of Indian Affairs in the Dominion of Canada Budget, 1881’, https://www.gedmartin.net/martinalia-mainmenu-3/312-indian-affairs-1882-budget 0 0 7 7 0.0% 0.0% 16.3% 3.3%
Smith, Donald B. ‘Macdonald’s Relationship with Aboriginal Peoples’, in Patrice Dutil and Roger Hall, eds, Macdonald at 200: New Reflections and Legacies (Toronto: Dundurn, 2014) 1 3 2 6 2.3% 2.4% 4.7% 2.8%
Dutil, Patrice. ‘Not Guilty: Sir John A. Macdonald and the Genocide Fetish’, Dorchester Review, 10/2 (Autumn/Winter 2020) 0 2 3 5 0.0% 1.6% 7.0% 2.4%
Macdonald, John A. House of Commons, Debates * 0 1 4 5 0.0% 0.8% 9.3% 2.4%
Lindbergh, Tracey. ‘The Doctrine of Discovery in Canada’, in Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt and Tracey Lindbergh, Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) 4 0 0 4 9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9%
Williams, Glen. Blood Must Tell: Debating Race and Identity in the Canadian House of Commons, 1880-1925 (Ottawa: willowBX Press, 2014) 0 2 2 4 0.0% 1.6% 4.7% 1.9%
Bowler, Gerry. ‘Is the Final Report of the TRC Good History?’ in Rodney A. Clifton and Mark DeWolf, eds, From Truth Comes Reconciliation: An Assessent of the Truth and Reconiliation Report (Winnipeg: Frontier Centre for Public Policy, 2021) 0 3 0 3 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 1.4%
Rubinstein, Hymie. ‘Indigenous Exceptionalism and the TRC’, in Rodney A. Clifton and Mark DeWolf, eds, From Truth Comes Reconciliation: An Assessent of the Truth and Reconiliation Report (Winnipeg: Frontier Centre for Public Policy, 2021) 2 1 0 3 4.5% 0.8% 0.0% 1.4%
Widdowson, Frances and Albert Howard. Disrobing the Aboriginal Industry: The Deception Behind Indigenous Cultural Preservation (Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2008) 0 3 0 3 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 1.4%
Miller, J. R. Residential Schools and Reconciliation: Canada Confronts Its History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017) 0 2 0 2 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 0.9%
Treaty No. 6 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Plain and Wood Cree Indians and Other Tribes of Indians (Ottawa: Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, 1964) 1 0 1 2 2.3% 0.0% 2.3% 0.9%
Macdonald, John A. Letter to Peter E. Jones, 31 August 1886 * 0 1 1 2 0.0% 0.8% 2.3% 0.9%
Belich, James. Replenishing the Earth: The Settler Revolution and the Rise of the Anglo-World, 1783-1939 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008) 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Big Canoe, Charles and James Ashquabe to John A. Macdonald, n.d. * 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Binnema, Theodore and Kevin Hutchings, ‘The Emigrant and the Noble Savage: Sir Francis Bond Head’s Romantic Approach to Aboriginal Policy in Upper Canada, 1836-1838’, Journal of Canadian Studies 39/1, Winter 2005 * 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Boisonneau, Chief Darrell. n.d. * 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Cairns, Alan C. Citizens Plus: Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian State (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000) 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Daschuk, James. ‘When Canada Used Hunger to Clear the West’, Globe and Mail, 19 July 2013 0 0 1 1 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.5%
Erasmus, George and Joe Sanders. ‘Canadian History: An Aboriginal Perspective’, in Diane Engelstad and John Bird, eds, Nation to Nation: Aboriginal Sovereignty and the Future of Canada (Concord, Ontario: Anansi, 1992) * 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Flanagan, Tom. ‘The Truth About Canada’s Indian Graves: The Indigenous Industry Is Thriving Off Fake News’, UnHerd, 29 June 2022 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Fraught, Brad. Personal correspondence with Nigel Biggar, September 2020 0 0 1 1 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.5%
Green, Nina, Brian Giesbrecht, and Tom Flanagan. ‘They Were Not Forced’, Dorchester Review, 21 April 2022 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Jenness, Diamond. Indians of Canada, 1932 * 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Kidd, Colin. The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World 1600-2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Lindbergh, Tracey. ‘Contemporary Canadian Resonance of an Imperial Doctrine’, in Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru, Larissa Behrendt and Tracey Lindbergh, Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Marshall, Ingeborg. A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996) * 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Reynolds, Henry. The Law of the Land (Victoria, Penguin, 1987) 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Richards, Eric. Britannia’s Children: Emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600 (London: Hambledon, 2004) 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Riel, Louis. Address to the Court, August 1, 1885, in George F.G. Stanley et. al., The Collected Works of Louis Riel, 5 vols (Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1985), Vol. 3 * 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Sarnia Observer, Editorial, (1868) * 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Smith, B. and J. R. Miller. ‘No Genocide: It’s Not the Right Word for the History Books’, Literary Review of Canada (October 2019) 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Surtees, R. J. ‘The Development of an Indian Reserve Policy in Canada’, Ontario History, 61, 1969 * 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
Trigger, Bruce. ‘The Historians’ Indian: Native Americans in Canadian Historical Writing from Charlevoix to the Present’, Canadian Historical Review, 67/3 (1986), p. 336 * 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
von Gernet, Alexander. Oral Narratives and Aboriginal Pasts: An Interdisciplinary Review of the Literature, (Ottawa: Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Norther Affairs Canada, 1996) 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Whittow, Mark. The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996) 1 0 0 1 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Open Letter: Historians Rally vs “Genocide” Myth’, Dorchester Review, 12 August 2021 0 1 0 1 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%
TOTAL 44 124 43 211 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

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